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Johannes Grant : ウィキペディア英語版 | Johannes Grant
Johannes Grant or Johannis Grandi〔Leonard of Chios: "Johannis Grandi Alemani", where Grandi can also mean "the great" in Italian〕 was an engineer employed by the Byzantine Empire at the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Contemporary Greek and Latin accounts referred to him as being German,〔Georgios Sphrantzes: "Johannes the German"〕〔Bartusis, Mark, Late Byzantine Army〕 although Runciman has suggested he may actually have been Scottish, named "John Grant".〔Runciman, Steven, ''Fall of Constantinople 1453'', page 84〕 His use of counter-tunnelling prevented the Turks from weakening or invading Constantinople from under the walls.〔Nicol, Donald, ''Last Centuries of Byzantium''. Cambridge University Press, 1993 (edition ). Chapter 18.〕〔(The Fall of Constantinopla )〕 == References ==
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